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・ International Philatelic Exhibition, London, 1906
・ International Philatelic Libraries Association
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・ International Philosophical Quarterly
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・ International Photo-Engravers Union of North America
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・ International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War
International Physicists' Tournament
・ International Physics Olympiad
・ International Phytogeographic Excursion
・ International Piano Academy Lake Como
・ International Piano Competition "Ricard Viñes"
・ International Piano Competition for Outstanding Amateurs
・ International Piano Competition Svetislav Stančić
・ International Pinguicula Study Group Newsletter
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・ International Pixel-Stained Technopeasant Day
・ International Planetarium Society
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International Physicists' Tournament : ウィキペディア英語版
International Physicists' Tournament

The International Physicists' Tournament (IPT) originated in Ukraine in 2009 as a continuation of a long tradition of physics competitions in the USSR. It was initially inspired by the International Young Physicists' Tournament (IYPT) and follows a similar model. However, while the IYPT participants are high school students, the IPT is designed for Bachelors and Masters level university students.
== How does it work? ==
Preparation for the tournament ideally starts long in advance of the actual event. Teams of up to 6 students are provided with a list of 17 problems which require a combination of experimental and theoretical approaches to their solution. The problems often have no exact solution and are not described directly in the scientific literature. The teams therefore have to perform their own independent research into the topic set in each problem. The problems are usually taken from everyday life and are typically set on topics that the teams will have a basic physical intuition for. Previous example of IPT problems include determining the maximum frequency at which a person can spin a PowerBall and determining the maximum speed that a burning arrow can fly at before the flame burns out. Very often these simple questions turn out to have far from simple answers!
A typical round in the tournament sees one team acting as a reporter, another acting as an opponent and a third acting as a reviewer. Under special circumstances a fourth team may also be present, which acts purely as an observer. After each round, the teams change roles and repeat until each team has played each role. Each of these roles is outlined below.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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